Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody u n\u00e1s Mok\u0159ady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu V \u010cesku je to nev\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda chr\u00e1n\u011bna jednak v r\u00e1mci zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed (n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky, chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky), vyhla\u0161ovan\u00fdch proto, \u017ee jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci \u010desk\u00e9 krajiny. Krom\u011b nich u n\u00e1s ale najdeme i takov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 Evropy, a dokonce i cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. K t\u011bm pat\u0159\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 mok\u0159ady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b ramsarsk\u00e9 mok\u0159ady. Celosv\u011btov\u00e1 ochrana mok\u0159ad\u016f V roce 1971 byla v ir\u00e1nsk\u00e9m Ramsaru uzav\u0159ena jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u00famluv v ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody, celosv\u011btov\u011b v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed \u00famluva na ochranu a moudr\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Cel\u00fd jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev je \u00damluva o mok\u0159adech maj\u00edc\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako biotopy vodn\u00edho ptactva, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Ramsarsk\u00e1 \u00famluva.<\/p>
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Jak u\u017e z jej\u00edho n\u00e1zvu vypov\u00edd\u00e1, jej\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem je celosv\u011btov\u00e1 ochrana mok\u0159ad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro ochranu vodn\u00edch pt\u00e1k\u016f. Mok\u0159ady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to \u00famluvy, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako ramsarsk\u00e9. \u00damluva zavazuje \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sily alespo\u0148 jeden ramsarsk\u00fd mok\u0159ad a aby zajistili jeho adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed ochranu a moudr\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Smlouvu podepsalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 90 % v\u0161ech st\u00e1t\u016f. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2 200 ramsarsk\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f zauj\u00edm\u00e1 rozlohu v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 mil. km2, tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 n\u00e1sobek rozlohy \u010cR. Nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm z nich je mok\u0159ad Ngiri-Tumba-Maindombe v povod\u00ed afrinck\u00e9ho Konga s rozlohou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 66 tis. km2, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % rozlohy \u010cR. \u00dabytek vody v krajin\u011b \u00damluva definuje mok\u0159ad jako: „\u00fazem\u00ed ba\u017ein, slatin, ra\u0161elini\u0161\u0165 i \u00fazem\u00ed pokryt\u00e1 vodou, p\u0159irozen\u011b i um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e1, trval\u00e1 \u010di do\u010dasn\u00e1, s vodou stojatou \u010di tekouc\u00ed, sladkou, brakickou \u010di slanou, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed s mo\u0159skou vodou, jej\u00ed\u017e hloubka p\u0159i odlivu nep\u0159esahuje \u0161est metr\u016f“. Mok\u0159ady pat\u0159\u00ed k nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jenom v Evrop\u011b se od konce 19. stolet\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eila jejich rozloha o v\u00edce ne\u017e 50%. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 plochy mok\u0159ad\u016f miz\u00ed odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159em\u011bnou na zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu, narovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm a rozbour\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm koryt \u0159ek, budov\u00e1n\u00edm vodn\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, t\u011b\u017ebou ra\u0161eliny nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. P\u0159itom mok\u0159ady maj\u00ed v krajin\u011b velice d\u016fle\u017eitou roli. Jsou p\u0159irozenou z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou vody a pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na jej\u00edm kolob\u011bhu, velk\u00fdm v\u00fdparem p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed podneb\u00ed, pohlcuj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, poskytuj\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro existenci specifick\u00fdch organism\u016f, jsou zdrojem potravy atd. „Bezmok\u0159adn\u00ed“ krajina se p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1, doch\u00e1z\u00ed v n\u00ed k rozkladu p\u016fvodn\u00ed organick\u00e9 hmoty, uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed schopnosti zadr\u017eet vodu. Krajina proto vysych\u00e1, voda z n\u00ed rychleji odt\u00e9k\u00e1 a roste riziko povodn\u00ed. Mok\u0159ady v \u010cesku Mok\u0159ady zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed asi 1,5% rozlohy \u010cR, t.j. necel\u00fdch 1200 km2. Jsou do nich zahrnuty nap\u0159\u00edklad ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b, rybn\u00edky, lu\u017en\u00ed lesy, nivy \u0159ek, prameny, \u00fadoln\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, zatopen\u00e9 lomy, \u0161t\u011brkovny nebo horsk\u00e1 jezera. I \u010desk\u00e1 krajina p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed o vodu. Je\u0161t\u011b v 50. letech p\u0159itom u n\u00e1s mok\u0159ady zauj\u00edmaly plochu asi 13 000 km2. Ramsarsk\u00fdch mok\u0159ad\u016f m\u00e1me v \u010cesku 14, a to na plo\u0161e v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 km2. V roce 1990 byly vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny prvn\u00ed mok\u0159ady: \u0160umavsk\u00e1 ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b, T\u0159ebo\u0148sk\u00e9 rybn\u00edky, Novoz\u00e1meck\u00fd a B\u0159ehy\u0148sk\u00fd rybn\u00edk a Lednick\u00e9 rybn\u00edky. Pozd\u011bji k nim p\u0159ibyly: Litovelsk\u00e9 Pomorav\u00ed, Pood\u0159\u00ed, Krkono\u0161sk\u00e1 ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b, T\u0159ebo\u0148sk\u00e1 ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b a n\u00e1\u0161 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mok\u0159ad – Mok\u0159ady doln\u00edho Podyj\u00ed (115 km2), tvo\u0159en\u00fd z\u00e1plavov\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm Dyje a jej\u00edmi mrtv\u00fdmi rameny, d\u00e1le Mok\u0159ady Lib\u011bchovky a P\u0161ovky, Podzemn\u00ed Punkva a Kru\u0161nohorsk\u00e1 ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b. Jako zat\u00edm posledn\u00ed byly v roce 2012 vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny mok\u0159ady Horn\u00ed Jizera a Pramenn\u00e9 v\u00fdv\u011bry a ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u011b Slavkovsk\u00e9ho lesa. Zkusme se nad jej\u00edm v\u00fdznamem spole\u010dn\u011b zamyslet dne 2. \u00fanora, kter\u00fd byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en jako Sv\u011btov\u00fd den mok\u0159ad\u016f a kdy se na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bte budou op\u011bt konat osv\u011btov\u00e9 akce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody u n\u00e1s Mok\u0159ady mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu V \u010cesku je to nev\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edroda chr\u00e1n\u011bna jednak v r\u00e1mci zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed (n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky, chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky), vyhla\u0161ovan\u00fdch proto, \u017ee jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci \u010desk\u00e9 krajiny. Krom\u011b nich u n\u00e1s ale najdeme i takov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":165,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102\/revisions\/165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vodajelenice.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}